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模具设计制作的要求
模具设计制作的要求是:尺寸精确、表面光洁;结构合理、生产效率高、易于自动化;制造容易、寿命高、成本低;设计符合工艺需要，经济合理。
The requirements of die design and manufacture are: precise size, smooth surface; reasonable structure, high production efficiency, easy automation; easy manufacturing, high life, low cost; design meets the needs of technology, economic and reasonable.
模具结构设计和参数选择须考虑刚性、导向性、卸料机构、定位方法、间隙大小等因素。模具上的易损件应容易更换。对于塑料模和压铸模，还需要考虑合理的浇注系统、熔融塑料或金属流动状态、进入型腔的位置与方向。为了提高生产率、减少流道浇注损失，可采用多型腔模具，在一模具内能同时完成多个相同或不同的制品。在大批量生产中应采用高效率、高精度、高寿命的模具。
The factors such as rigidity, directivity, unloading mechanism, positioning method and clearance size should be taken into account in die structure design and parameter selection. The vulnerable parts on the die should be easily replaced. For plastic and die casting moulds, reasonable pouring system, flow state of molten plastics or metals, and the position and direction of entering the cavity should also be considered. In order to improve productivity and reduce runner pouring loss, a multi-cavity die can be used to complete multiple identical or different products simultaneously in one die. In mass production, high efficiency, high precision and long life die should be adopted.
冲压模应采用多工位级进模，可采用硬质合金镶块级进模，以提高寿命。在小批量生产和新产品试制中，应采用结构简单、制造快、成本低的简易模具，如组合冲模、薄板冲模、聚氨酯橡胶模、低熔点合金模、锌合金模、超塑性合金模等。模具已开始采用计算机辅助设计(CAD)，即通过以计算机为中心的一整套系统对模具进行最优化设计。这是模具设计的发展方向。
Stamping die should adopt multi-position progressive die and carbide insert progressive die to improve service life. In small batch production and trial production of new products, simple dies with simple structure, fast manufacturing and low cost should be adopted, such as combined die, sheet die, polyurethane rubber die, low melting point alloy die, zinc alloy die, superplastic alloy die, etc. Computer aided design (CAD) has been used in die design, that is, the optimal design of die has been carried out through a computer-centered system. This is the development direction of die design.
模具制造按结构特点，分为平面的冲裁模和具有空间的型腔模。冲裁模利用凸模与凹模的尺寸精确配合，有的甚至是无间隙配合。其他锻模如冷挤压模、压铸模、粉末冶金模、塑料模、橡胶模等都属于型腔模，用于成形立体形状的工件。型腔模在长、宽、高 3个方向都有尺寸要求，形状复杂，制造困难。模具生产一般为单件、小批生产，制造要求严格、精确，多采用精密的加工设备和测量装置。
According to the structure characteristics, die manufacturing can be divided into planar blanking die and cavity die with space. Punching dies are precisely matched with the dimensions of punches and dies, and some even have no clearance matching. Other forging dies, such as cold extrusion dies, die casting dies, powder metallurgy dies, plastic dies, rubber dies and so on, belong to cavity dies and are used to form workpieces with three-dimensional shapes. Cavity die has dimension requirements in three directions of length, width and height, and its shape is complex and difficult to manufacture. Mould production is generally single-unit and small-batch production, which requires strict and accurate manufacturing. Precision processing equipment and measuring devices are mostly used.
平面冲裁模可用电火花加工初成形，再用成形磨削，坐标磨削等方法进一步提高精度。成形磨削可用光学投影曲线磨床，或带有缩仿、修打砂轮机构的平面磨床，也可在精密平面磨床上采用专用成形磨削工具磨削。坐标磨床可用于模具的精密定位，以保证精密孔径和孔距。也可用计算机数控(CNC)连续轨迹坐标磨床磨削任何曲线形状的凸模和凹模。型腔模多用仿形铣床加工、电火花加工和电解加工。将仿形铣加工与数控联合应用和在电火花加工中增加三向平动头装置，都可提高型腔的加工质量。电解加工中增加充气电解可提高生产效率。
Planar blanking dies can be formed by EDM, then formed grinding, coordinate grinding and other methods to further improve the accuracy. Forming grinding can be carried out by optical projection curve grinder, surface grinder with abnormal and polishing wheel mechanism, or by special forming grinding tool on precision surface grinder. The coordinate grinder can be used for precise positioning of the die to ensure precise aperture and spacing. The convex and concave dies of any curve shape can also be grinded by CNC continuous trajectory coordinate grinder. Profile milling machine, EDM and electrochemical machining are widely used for cavity die. Combining profiling milling with numerical control and adding three-way translational head device in EDM can improve the processing quality of the cavity. Increasing aerated electrolysis in ECM can improve production efficiency.
The requirements of die design and manufacture are: precise size, smooth surface; reasonable structure, high production efficiency, easy automation; easy manufacturing, high life, low cost; design meets the needs of technology, economic and reasonable.
模具结构设计和参数选择须考虑刚性、导向性、卸料机构、定位方法、间隙大小等因素。模具上的易损件应容易更换。对于塑料模和压铸模，还需要考虑合理的浇注系统、熔融塑料或金属流动状态、进入型腔的位置与方向。为了提高生产率、减少流道浇注损失，可采用多型腔模具，在一模具内能同时完成多个相同或不同的制品。在大批量生产中应采用高效率、高精度、高寿命的模具。
The factors such as rigidity, directivity, unloading mechanism, positioning method and clearance size should be taken into account in die structure design and parameter selection. The vulnerable parts on the die should be easily replaced. For plastic and die casting moulds, reasonable pouring system, flow state of molten plastics or metals, and the position and direction of entering the cavity should also be considered. In order to improve productivity and reduce runner pouring loss, a multi-cavity die can be used to complete multiple identical or different products simultaneously in one die. In mass production, high efficiency, high precision and long life die should be adopted.
冲压模应采用多工位级进模，可采用硬质合金镶块级进模，以提高寿命。在小批量生产和新产品试制中，应采用结构简单、制造快、成本低的简易模具，如组合冲模、薄板冲模、聚氨酯橡胶模、低熔点合金模、锌合金模、超塑性合金模等。模具已开始采用计算机辅助设计(CAD)，即通过以计算机为中心的一整套系统对模具进行最优化设计。这是模具设计的发展方向。
Stamping die should adopt multi-position progressive die and carbide insert progressive die to improve service life. In small batch production and trial production of new products, simple dies with simple structure, fast manufacturing and low cost should be adopted, such as combined die, sheet die, polyurethane rubber die, low melting point alloy die, zinc alloy die, superplastic alloy die, etc. Computer aided design (CAD) has been used in die design, that is, the optimal design of die has been carried out through a computer-centered system. This is the development direction of die design.
模具制造按结构特点，分为平面的冲裁模和具有空间的型腔模。冲裁模利用凸模与凹模的尺寸精确配合，有的甚至是无间隙配合。其他锻模如冷挤压模、压铸模、粉末冶金模、塑料模、橡胶模等都属于型腔模，用于成形立体形状的工件。型腔模在长、宽、高 3个方向都有尺寸要求，形状复杂，制造困难。模具生产一般为单件、小批生产，制造要求严格、精确，多采用精密的加工设备和测量装置。
According to the structure characteristics, die manufacturing can be divided into planar blanking die and cavity die with space. Punching dies are precisely matched with the dimensions of punches and dies, and some even have no clearance matching. Other forging dies, such as cold extrusion dies, die casting dies, powder metallurgy dies, plastic dies, rubber dies and so on, belong to cavity dies and are used to form workpieces with three-dimensional shapes. Cavity die has dimension requirements in three directions of length, width and height, and its shape is complex and difficult to manufacture. Mould production is generally single-unit and small-batch production, which requires strict and accurate manufacturing. Precision processing equipment and measuring devices are mostly used.
平面冲裁模可用电火花加工初成形，再用成形磨削，坐标磨削等方法进一步提高精度。成形磨削可用光学投影曲线磨床，或带有缩仿、修打砂轮机构的平面磨床，也可在精密平面磨床上采用专用成形磨削工具磨削。坐标磨床可用于模具的精密定位，以保证精密孔径和孔距。也可用计算机数控(CNC)连续轨迹坐标磨床磨削任何曲线形状的凸模和凹模。型腔模多用仿形铣床加工、电火花加工和电解加工。将仿形铣加工与数控联合应用和在电火花加工中增加三向平动头装置，都可提高型腔的加工质量。电解加工中增加充气电解可提高生产效率。
Planar blanking dies can be formed by EDM, then formed grinding, coordinate grinding and other methods to further improve the accuracy. Forming grinding can be carried out by optical projection curve grinder, surface grinder with abnormal and polishing wheel mechanism, or by special forming grinding tool on precision surface grinder. The coordinate grinder can be used for precise positioning of the die to ensure precise aperture and spacing. The convex and concave dies of any curve shape can also be grinded by CNC continuous trajectory coordinate grinder. Profile milling machine, EDM and electrochemical machining are widely used for cavity die. Combining profiling milling with numerical control and adding three-way translational head device in EDM can improve the processing quality of the cavity. Increasing aerated electrolysis in ECM can improve production efficiency.
